Instruments
Epilepsy Outcome Expectancy Scale
Short description: Outcome expectancy is defined as a judgment of the likely consequences of practicing self-management strategies and is operationally defined by three scales assessing outcomes expected if one follows one’s treatment, including taking medications, or if one has a seizure, or manages epilepsy well. Outcome expectancy related to treatment consists of 12 items with higher scores averaged over the 12 items corresponding to more positive outcome expectancies about treatment. Each item is rated on a 5-point scale from 1, strongly disagree, to 5, strongly agree.
Epilepsy Self-Management Scale
Short description: The Epilepsy Self-Management Scale (ESMS) is a 38 item scale that assesses frequency of use of epilepsy self-management practices. Each item is rated on a 5-point scale ranging from 1, never, to 5-always.
Epilepsy Self-Efficacy Scale-33 Items
Short description: Epilepsy Self-Efficacy Scale is a 33-item scale that measures the different aspects of efficacy in the self-management of epilepsy. Items are rated on an 11-point Likert rating scale, ranging from 0, ‘I cannot do at all’, to 10, ‘sure I can do’.
Short description: The Parent Stigma Scale developed by Austin† was modified with permission for use to measure stigma in adults. The 5-item scale was expanded to 10 items that together assess the degree to which a person believes that epilepsy is perceived as negative and interferes with relationships with others. Each item is rated on a 7-point scale from 1, strongly disagree, to 7, strongly agree.
†Austin, J., Dunn, D., Huster, G., Rose, D. (1998). Development of scales to measure psychological care needs of children with seizures and their parents. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, 30: 155-160.
