Cooperative
Study on the Magnitude & Impact of Antimicrobial Resistance in Hospitals,
with a Focus on Intensive Care Units. |
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ABBREVIATIONS USED IN ICARE ANALYSIS
| Antimicrobial / Group | Abbreviation |
| Methicillin group: Methicillin, Nafcillin, Oxacillin, Cloxacillin (oral), Dicloxacillin (oral) |
METH |
| Ampicillin group: Ampicillin (parenteral, oral), Ampicillin/Sulbactam Amoxicillin (oral), Amoxicillin/Clav. Acid (oral) |
AMP |
| Fluoroquinolones: Ciprofloxacin (parental, oral), Ofloxacin (parental, oral) Levofloxacin (parenteral, oral), Trovafloxacin (parenteral, oral), Sparfloxacin (oral) |
FLURO |
| Ureido- and carboxy-penicillins: Pipercillin, Pipercillin/Tazobactam, Ticarcillin, Ticarcillin/Clav. acid |
UCPN |
| Ureido-penicillins: Pipercillin, Pipercillin/Tazobactam |
UPEN |
| Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole | TESMZ |
| 1st generation cephalosporins: Cefazolin, Cefadroxil (oral), Cephalothin, Cephalexin (oral) |
CF1 |
| 2nd generation cephalosporins: Cefotetan, Cefmetazole, Cefaclor (oral), Cefoxitin, Cefuroxime, Cefuroxime axetil (oral) |
CF2 |
| 3rd generation cephalosporins: Cefotaxime, Cefixime (oral), Ceftazidime, Ceftizoxime, Ceftriaxone, Cefoperazone, Cefipime |
CF3 |
| Ciprofloxacin group: Ciprofloxacin (parenteral), Ciprofloxacin (oral) |
CIPRO |
| Ceftazidime (also analyzed independently) | CEFTAZ |
| Oral Fluoroquinolones: Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Trovafloxacin, Sparfloxacin | FLURO ORA |
| Parenteral Fluoroquinolones: Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Trovafloxacin | FLURO IV |
| Carbapenems: Meropenem, Imipenem cilastatin | CARBAPENM |
| Antimicrobial / Pathogen | Abbreviation |
| Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus | SA_ME |
| Methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci | CNS_ME |
| Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci | ENC_VM |
| Penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae | STP_PN |
| Cefotaxime or Ceftriaxone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae | STP_CF |
| Ciprofloxacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa | PA_CIP |
| Imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa | PA_IMI |
| Ceftazidime-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa | PA_CF |
| Piperacillin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa | PA_PIP |
| Meropenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa | PA_MER |
| Ofloxacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa | PA_OFL |
| Levofloxacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa | PA_LEV |
| Ceftazidime, Cefotaxime, or Ceftriaxone-resistant Escherichia coli |
EC_CF3 |
| Ceftazidime, Cefotaxime, or Ceftriaxone-resistant Enterobacter spp. |
ENB_CF |
| Ceftazidime, Cefotaxime, or Ceftriaxone-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae |
KP_CF |
| Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, or Levofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli |
EC_FQ |
| Imipenem or Meropenem-resistant Enterobacterspp. | ENB_IM |
CLASS, GROUPING, AND DEFINED DAILY DOSE (DDD) OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT
| Class | Group | Antimicrobial Agent | DDD |
| beta-Lactams | Penicillin group | Penicillin G | 12 x 106 U |
| Procaine Pen. G | 2.4 x 106 U | ||
| Pen. G benzathine | 1.2 x 106 U | ||
| Penicillin V | 1 g | ||
| Ampicillin group | Ampicillin (parenteral) | 4 g | |
| Ampicillin (oral) | 2 g | ||
| Ampicillin/sulbactam | 6 g | ||
| Amoxicillin (oral) | 1.5 g | ||
| Amoxicillin/clav. acid (oral) | 1.5 g | ||
| Antistaphylococcal penicillins (Methicillin Group) |
Methicillin | 4 g | |
| Nafcillin | 4 g | ||
| Oxacillin | 4 g | ||
| Cloxacillin (oral) | 2 g | ||
| Dicloxacillin (oral) | 2 g | ||
| Antipseudomonal penicillins |
Piperacillin | 18 g | |
| Piperacillin/tazobactam | 13.5 g | ||
| Ticarcillin | 18 g | ||
| Ticarcillin/clav. acid | 12.4 g | ||
| 1st-Generation cephalosporins |
Cefazolin | 3 g | |
| Cephalothin | 4 g | ||
| Cefadroxil (oral) | 2 g | ||
| Cephalexin (oral) | 2 g | ||
| 2nd-Generation cephalosporins |
Cefotetan | 2 g | |
| Cefmetazole | 4 g | ||
| Cefoxitin | 4 g | ||
| Cefuroxime | 3 g | ||
| Cefuroxime axetil (oral) | 1 g | ||
| Cefaclor (oral) | 1 g | ||
| 3rd-Generation cephalosporins |
Cefotaxime | 3 g | |
| Ceftazidime | 3 g | ||
| Ceftizoxime | 3 g | ||
| Ceftriaxone | 1 g | ||
| Cefixime (oral) | 0.4 g | ||
| Cefoperazone | 4 g | ||
| Cefipime | 4 g | ||
| Other beta-lactams | Aztreonam | 4 g | |
| Carbapenems | Meropenem | 3 g | |
| Imipenem cilastatin | 2 g | ||
| Glycopepetides | Vancomycin (parenteral) | 2 g | |
| Vancomycin (oral) | 1 g | ||
| Fluoroquinolones | Ciprofloxacin (parenteral) | 0.8 g | |
| Ciprofloxacin (oral) | 1.5 g | ||
| Ofloxacin (parenteral) | 0.8 g | ||
| Ofloxacin (oral) | 0.8 g | ||
| Levofloxacin (parenternal) | 0.5 g | ||
| Levofloxacin (oral | 0.2 g | ||
| Trovafloxacin (parenternal) | 0.2 g | ||
| Trovafloxacin (oral) | 0.2 g | ||
| Sparfloxacin (oral) | 0.2 g | ||
| Trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole |
Trimethoprim component (oral) | 0.32 g | |
| Trimethoprim component (I.V) | 0.84 g | ||
| Synercid | Quinupristin/Dalfopristin | 2 g |
Copyright© 2004 ICARE, All rights reserved.
For all problems or questions regarding this website please contact Dr. John
McGowan at jmcgowa@sph.emory.edu
This page was last updated on December 28, 2004 (JEM)